That said, as Kubernetes adoption keeps growing in 2025, selecting the right storage solution is more important than ever. Enterprise-level features, data encryption, and high availability are at the forefront of the requirements we want to look into. The same is true for the ability to attach to multiple clients simultaneously and the built-in data loss protection.

Simplyblock: Enterprise Storage Platform for Kubernetes

Simplyblock™ is an enterprise-grade storage platform designed to cater to high-performance and scalability needs for storage in Kubernetes environments. Simplyblock is fully optimized to take advantage of modern NVMe devices. It utilizes the NVMe/TCP protocol to share its shared volumes between the storage cluster and clients, providing superior throughput and lower access latency than the alternatives.

Simplyblock is designed as a cloud-native solution and is highly integrated with Kubernetes through its Simplyblock CSI driver. It supports dynamic provisioning, snapshots, clones, volume resizing, fully integrated encryption at rest, and many more. One benefit of simplyblock is its use of NVMe over TCP which is integrated into the Linux and Windows (Server 2025 or later) kernels, meaning no additional drivers. This also means it is easy to use simplyblock volumes outside of Kubernetes if you also operate virtual machines and would like to unify your storage. Furthermore, simplyblock volumes support read-write multi-attach. That means they can be attached to multiple pods, VMs, or both at the same time, making it easy to share data.

Its scale-out architecture provides full multi-tenant isolation, meaning that many customers can share the same storage backend. Logical volumes can be encrypted at rest either by an encryption key per tenant or even per logical volume, providing the strongest isolation option.

Deployment-wise, simplyblock offers the best of both worlds: disaggregated and hyperconverged setups. Simplyblock’s storage engine can be deployed on either a set of separate storage nodes, building a disaggregated storage cluster, or on Kubernetes worker nodes to utilize the worker node-local storage. Simplyblock also supports a mixed setup, where workloads can benefit from ultra-low latency with worker node-local storage (node-affinity) and the security and “spill-over” of the infinite storage from the disaggregated cluster.

As the only solution presented here, simplyblock favors erasure coding over replication for high availability and fault tolerance. Erasure coding is quite similar to RAID and uses parity information to achieve data loss protection. Simplyblock distributes this parity information across cluster nodes for higher fault tolerance. That said, erasure coding has a configuration similar to a replication factor, defining how many chunks and parity information will be used per calculation. This enables the best trade-off between data protection and storage overhead, enabling secure setups with as little as 50% additional storage requirements.

Furthermore, simplyblock provides a full multi-tier solution that caters to diverse storage needs in a single system. It enables you to utilize ultra-fast flash storage devices such as NVMe alongside slower SATA/SAS SSDs. At the same time, you can manage your long-term (cold) storage with traditional HDDs or QLC-based flash storage (slower but very high capacity).

Simplyblock is a robust choice if you need scalable, high-performance block storage for use cases such as databases, CDNs (Content Delivery Network), analytics solutions, and similar. Furthermore, simplyblock offers high throughput and low access latency. With its use of erasure coding, simplyblock is a great solution for companies seeking cost-effective storage while its ease of use allows organizations to adapt quickly to changing storage demands. For businesses seeking a modern, efficient, and Kubernetes-optimized block storage solution, simplyblock offers a compelling combination of features and performance.

Portworx: Kubernetes Storage and Data Management

Portworx is a cloud-native, software-defined storage platform that is highly integrated with Kubernetes. It is an enterprise-grade, closed-source solution that was acquired and is in active development by Pure Storage. Hence, its integration with the Pure Storage hardware appliances enables a performant, scalable storage option with integrated tiering capabilities.

Portworx integrated with Kubernetes through its native CSI driver and provides important CSI features such as dynamic provisioning, snapshots, clones, resizing, and persistent or ephemeral volumes. Furthermore, Portworx supports data-at-rest encryption and disaster recovery using synchronous and asynchronous cluster replication.

To enable fault tolerance and high availability, Portworx utilizes replicas, storing copies of data on different cluster nodes. This multiplies the required disk space by the replication factor. For the connection between the storage cluster and clients, Portworx provides access via iSCSI, a fairly old protocol that isn’t necessarily optimized for fast flash storage.

For connections between Pure’s FlashArray and Portworx, you can use NVMe/TCP or NVMe-RoCE (NVMe with RDMA over Converged Ethernet) — a mouthful, I know.

Encryption at rest is supported with either a unique key per volume or a cluster-wide encryption key. For storage-client communication, while iSCSI should be separated into its own VLAN, remember that iSCSI itself isn’t encrypted, meaning that encryption in transit isn’t guaranteed (if not pushed through a secured channel).

As mentioned, Portworx distinguishes itself by integrating with Pure Storage appliances. This integration enables organizations to leverage the performance and reliability of Pure’s flash storage systems. This makes Portworx a compelling choice for running critical stateful applications such as databases, message queues, and analytics platforms in Kubernetes, especially if you don’t fear operating hardware appliances. While available as a pure software-defined storage solution, Portworx excels in combination with Pure’s hardware, making it a great choice for databases, high-throughput message queues, and analytical applications on Kubernetes.

Ceph: Open-source, Distributed Storage System

Ceph is a highly scalable and distributed storage solution. Run as a company-backed open-source project, Ceph presents a unified storage platform with support for block, object, and file storage. That makes it a versatile choice for a wide range of Kubernetes applications.

Ceph’s Kubernetes integration is provided through the ceph-csi driver, which brings dynamically provisioned persistent volumes and automatic lifecycle management. CSI features supported by Ceph include snapshotting, cloning, resizing, and encryption.

The architecture of Ceph is built to be self-healing and self-managing, mainly designed to enable infinite disk space scalability. The provided access latency, while not on the top end, is good enough for many use cases. Running workloads like databases, which love high IOPS and low latency, can feel a bit laggy, though. Finally, high availability and fault tolerance are implemented through replication between Ceph cluster nodes.

From the security end, Ceph supports encryption at rest via a few different options. I’d recommend using the LUKS-based (Linux Unified Key Setup) setup as it supports all of the different Ceph storage options. The communication between cluster nodes, as well as storage and client, is not encrypted by default. If you require encryption in transit (and you should), utilize SSH and SSL termination via HAproxy or similar solutions. It’s unfortunate that a storage solution as big as Ceph has no such built-in support. The same goes for multi-tenancy, which can be achieved using RADOS namespaces but isn’t an out-of-the-box solution.

Ceph is an excellent choice as your Kubernetes storage when you are looking for an open-source solution with a proven track record of enterprise deployments, infinite storage scalability, and versatile storage types. It is not a good choice if you are looking for high-performance storage with low latency and millions of IOPS.

Moreover, due to its community-driven development and support, Ceph can be operated as a cost-effective and open-source alternative to proprietary storage solutions. Whether you’re deploying in a private data center, a public cloud, or a hybrid environment, Ceph’s adaptability is a great help for managing storage in containerized ecosystems.

Commercial support for Ceph is available from Red Hat.

Longhorn: Cloud-native Block Storage for Kubernetes

Longhorn is an open-source, cloud-native storage solution specifically designed for Kubernetes. It provides block storage that focuses on flexibility and ease of use. Therefore, Longhorn deploys straight into your Kubernetes cluster, providing worker node-local storage as persistent volumes.

As a cloud-native storage solution, Longhorn provides its own CSI driver, highly integrated with Longhorn and Kubernetes. It enables dynamic provisioning and management of persistent volumes, snapshots, clones, and backups. For the latter, people seem to have some complications with restores, so make sure to test your recovery processes.

For communication between storage and clients, Longhorn uses the iSCSI protocol. A newer version of the storage engine is in the works, which enables NVMe over TCP, however, at the time of writing, this engine isn’t yet production-ready and is not recommended for production use.

Anyhow, Longhorn provides good access latency and throughput, making it a great solution for mid-size databases and similar workloads. Encryption at rest can be set up but isn’t as simple as with some alternatives. High availability and fault tolerance is achieved by replicating data between cluster nodes. That means, as with many other solutions, the required storage is multiplied by the replication factor. However, Longhorn supports incremental backups to external storage systems like S3 for easy data protection and fast recoverability in disaster scenarios.

Longhorn is a full open-source project under the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF). It was originally developed by Rancher and is backed by SUSE. Hence, it’s commercially available with enterprise support as SUSE Storage.

Longhorn is a good choice if you want a lightweight, cloud-native, open-source solution that runs hyper-converged with your cluster workloads. It is usually used for smaller deployments or home labs — widely discussed on Reddit. Generally, it is not considered as robust as Ceph and, hence, is not recommended for mission-critical enterprise production workloads.

NFS: File Sharing Solution for Enterprises with Heterogeneous Environments

NFS (Network File System) is a well-known and widely adopted file-sharing protocol, inside and outside Kubernetes. That said, NFS has a proven track record showing its simplicity, reliability, and ability to provide shared access to persistent storage.

One of the main features of NFS is its ability to simultaneously attach volumes to many containers (and pods) with read-write access. That enables easy sharing of configuration, training data, or similar shared data sets between many instances or applications.

There are quite a few different options for integrating NFS with Kubernetes. The two main ones are the Kubernetes NFS Subdir External Provisioner. Both automatically create NFS subdirectories when new persistent volumes are requested, and the csi-driver-nfs. In addition, many storage solutions provide optimized NFS CSI drivers designed to provision shares for their respective solutions automatically. Such storage options include TrueNAS, OpenEBS, Dell EMC, and others.

High availability is one of the elements of NFS that isn’t simple, though. To make automatic failover work, additional tools like Corosync or Pacemaker need to be configured. On the client side, automount should be set up to handle automatic failover and reconnection. NFS is an old protocol from a time when those additional steps were commonplace. Today, they feel frumpy and out of place, especially compared to available alternatives.

While multi-tenancy isn’t strictly supported by NFS, using individual shares could be seen as a viable solution. However, remember that shares aren’t secured in any way. Authentication requires additional setups such as Kerberos. File access permissions shouldn’t be used as a sufficient setup for tenant isolation.

Encryption at rest with NFS comes down to the backing storage solution. NFS, as a sharing protocol, doesn’t offer anything by itself. Encryption in transit is supported, either via Kerberos or other means like TLS via stunnel. The implementation details differ per NFS provider, though. You should consult your provider’s manual.

NFS is your Kubernetes storage of choice if you need a simple, scalable, and shared file storage system that integrates seamlessly into your existing infrastructure. In the best case, you already have an NFS server set up and ready to go. Installing the CSI driver and configuring the storage class is all you need. While NFS might be a bottleneck for high-performance systems such as databases, many applications work perfectly fine. Imagine you need to scale out a WordPress-based website. There isn’t an easier way to share the same writable storage to many WP instances. That said, for organizations looking for a mature, battle-tested storage option to deliver shared storage with minimal complexity, NFS is the choice.

Make Your Kubernetes Storage Choice in 2025

Selecting the right storage solution for your Kubernetes persistent volume isn’t easy. It is an important choice to ensure performance, scalability, and reliability for your containerized workloads. Solutions like simplyblock™, Portworx, Ceph, Longhorn, and NFS offer a great set of features and are optimized for different use cases.

NFS is loved for its simplicity and easy multi-attach functionality. It is a great choice for all use cases needing shared write access. It’s not a great fit for high throughput and super-low access latency, though.

Ceph, on the other hand, is great if you need infinite scalability and don’t fear away from a slightly more complicated setup and operation. Ceph provides a robust choice for all use cases, as well as high-performance databases and similar IO-intensive applications.

Longhorn and Portworx are generally good choices for almost all types of applications. Both solutions provide good access latency and throughput. If you tend to buy hardware appliances, Portworx, in combination with Pure Storage, is the way to go. If you prefer pure software-defined storage and want to utilize storage available in your worker nodes, take a look at Longhorn.

Last but not least, simplyblock is your choice when running IO-hungry databases in or outside Kubernetes. Its use of the NVMe/TCP protocol makes it a perfect choice for pure container storage, as well as mixed environments with containers and virtual machines. Due to its low storage overhead for data protection, simplyblock is a great, cost-effective, and fast storage solution. And a bit of capacity always remains for all other storage needs, meaning a single solution will do it for you.

As Kubernetes evolves, leveraging the proper storage solution will significantly improve your application performance and resiliency. To ensure you make an informed decision for your short and long-term storage needs, consider factors like workload complexity, deployment scale, and data management needs.

Whether you are looking for a robust enterprise solution or a more simple and straightforward setup, these five options are all strong contenders to meet your Kubernetes storage demands in 2025.

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Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) is a powerful object storage solution used by companies around the globe to store and manage data in the cloud. Its scalability, durability, and integration with other AWS services make it a go-to solution for everything from backups to data lakes. To further streamline and enhance your Amazon S3 usage, there are several open-source tools available. These tools can help you optimize your S3 environment, automate management tasks, and integrate better with other services.

What are the best open-source tools for your Amazon S3 setup?

In this post, we will explore nine must-know open-source tools that can help you get the most out of Amazon S3.

1. S3cmd

S3cmd is a command-line tool for managing data in Amazon S3. It allows you to easily perform tasks like uploading, retrieving, and deleting files, as well as creating buckets and managing permissions. S3cmd is ideal for automating S3 operations and integrating with scripts for backup or data transfer tasks.

2. AWS CLI

The AWS Command Line Interface (CLI) is a unified tool to manage all AWS services, including S3. It provides a powerful and flexible way to interact with S3 using simple commands. AWS CLI allows you to automate common tasks, such as syncing directories, managing bucket policies, and querying data in your S3 buckets.

3. MinIO

MinIO is an open-source object storage system that is fully compatible with the Amazon S3 API. You can use it to create your own on-premises object storage infrastructure or integrate it with S3 for hybrid cloud environments. MinIO provides high-performance, scalable storage and is particularly useful for applications that require fast and consistent data access.

4. s5cmd

s5cmd is a high-performance command-line tool for managing S3 and S3-compatible object storage services. It offers parallel execution of commands, making it significantly faster than traditional S3 tools for tasks like copying or syncing large datasets. Its ability to handle large-scale S3 operations with ease makes it a popular choice for data migration and backup processes.

5. Rclone

Rclone is an open-source tool that supports cloud storage synchronization and management across multiple platforms, including Amazon S3. It simplifies data migration between cloud services and local storage, and provides advanced features such as bandwidth throttling, encryption, and deduplication. Rclone is widely used for syncing, archiving, and backup purposes.

6. Cyberduck

Cyberduck is a popular open-source file transfer tool with a graphical user interface (GUI) for managing files in Amazon S3. It offers a simple drag-and-drop interface for uploading and downloading files, managing metadata, and setting permissions. Cyberduck is great for users who prefer a visual tool over command-line alternatives for interacting with S3.

7. Ceph

Ceph is an open-source distributed storage system that supports block, object, and file storage. With its S3-compatible interface, Ceph allows you to build your own private S3-like storage infrastructure. This is particularly useful for organizations looking to reduce cloud storage costs by creating on-premise object storage that integrates seamlessly with their existing AWS environment.

8. s3fs

s3fs is an open-source FUSE-based file system that allows you to mount an S3 bucket as a local file system on Linux or macOS. This tool is particularly useful if you want to interact with Amazon S3 using standard file system operations. You can read and write files directly to S3, enabling a seamless integration between local and cloud storage.

9. Presto

Presto is an open-source distributed SQL query engine designed for running fast queries on large datasets. It supports querying data directly from Amazon S3, making it an excellent tool for analytics and data processing. By integrating Presto with S3, you can run high-performance queries on your data lake without needing to move your data to a database.

Why Choose simplyblock for Amazon S3?

While S3’s architecture provides robust object storage with 99.9999% durability, organizations need efficient ways to protect and recover their data in case of ransomware or disasters. This is where simplyblock’s specialized approach creates unique value:

• Immutable Backup to S3: Simplyblock leverages S3’s durability and scalability to provide immutable backups. By implementing intelligent versioning and utilizing S3’s architecture for multi-AZ redundancy, simplyblock ensures your backup data remains protected and unalterable by ransomware. The system automatically manages backup versioning and retention policies while optimizing data transfer using S3’s multipart upload capabilities.
• Rapid Disaster Recovery: Simplyblock utilizes S3’s global infrastructure for efficient disaster recovery. In the event of a site failure or ransomware attack, the platform enables quick recovery from S3 storage using parallel range GET operations and intelligent data retrieval patterns. This approach ensures minimal downtime while maintaining data integrity across your recovery processes.
• Cost-Efficient Protection: Simplyblock optimizes S3 usage for backup and recovery by implementing intelligent data lifecycle management. The platform automatically manages data distribution across S3 storage classes, optimizing for both performance and cost. By understanding S3’s prefix-based performance characteristics and implementing efficient key naming strategies, SimplyBlock ensures both cost-effective storage and rapid recovery capabilities.

How to Optimize Amazon S3 with Open-source Tools

This guide explored nine essential open-source tools for Amazon S3, from S3cmd’s command-line operations to Presto’s distributed query capabilities. While these tools excel at different aspects – Rclone for synchronization, MinIO for S3-compatible storage, and s5cmd for high-performance operations – proper implementation is crucial. Tools like AWS CLI provide comprehensive management capabilities, while specialized tools like s3fs enable direct filesystem integration. Each tool offers unique capabilities for managing and optimizing S3 resources.

If you’re looking to further streamline your Amazon S3 operations, Simplyblock offers comprehensive solutions that integrate seamlessly with these tools, helping you get the most out of your Amazon S3 environment.

Ready to optimize your Amazon S3 environment? Contact simplyblock today to learn how we can help you enhance performance, streamline operations, and reduce costs across your AWS infrastructure.

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